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                <h1 id="Python3-MySQL-数据库连接-PyMySQL-驱动"><a href="#Python3-MySQL-数据库连接-PyMySQL-驱动" class="headerlink" title="Python3 MySQL 数据库连接 - PyMySQL 驱动"></a>Python3 MySQL 数据库连接 - PyMySQL 驱动</h1><p>[TOC]</p>
<p> PyMySQL 是在 Python3.x 版本中用于连接 MySQL 服务器的一个库，Python2 中则使用 mysqldb </p>
<p>准备要求：mysql8.0以上版本及python3.0以上版本。</p>
<h2 id="使用PyMySQL链接数据库"><a href="#使用PyMySQL链接数据库" class="headerlink" title="使用PyMySQL链接数据库"></a>使用PyMySQL链接数据库</h2><p>实例： 链接 Mysql 的 testdb 数据库： </p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-python" data-language="python"><code class="language-python"><span class="token comment">#!/usr/bin/python3</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> pymysql
<span class="token comment"># 打开数据库连接</span>
db <span class="token operator">=</span> pymysql<span class="token punctuation">.</span>connect<span class="token punctuation">(</span>host<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'localhost'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>user<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'root'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>password<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'123456'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>database<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'testdb'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment"># 使用 cursor() 方法创建一个游标对象 cursor</span>
cursor <span class="token operator">=</span> db<span class="token punctuation">.</span>cursor<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment"># 使用 execute()  方法执行 SQL 查询</span>
cursor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"SELECT VERSION()"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment"># 使用 fetchone() 方法获取单条数据.</span>
data <span class="token operator">=</span> cursor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>fetchone<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Database version : %s "</span> <span class="token operator">%</span> data<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment"># 关闭数据库连接</span>
db<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<h3 id="pymysql-connect-连接数据库函数"><a href="#pymysql-connect-连接数据库函数" class="headerlink" title="pymysql.connect()连接数据库函数"></a>pymysql.connect()连接数据库函数</h3><h4 id="pymysql-Connect-参数说明"><a href="#pymysql-Connect-参数说明" class="headerlink" title="pymysql.Connect()参数说明"></a>pymysql.Connect()参数说明</h4><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>host(str)</th>
<th>MySQL服务器地址</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>port(int)</td>
<td>MySQL服务器端口号</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>user(str)</td>
<td>用户名</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>passwd(str)</td>
<td>密码</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>db(str)</td>
<td>数据库名称</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>charset(str)</td>
<td>连接编码</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h4 id="connection对象"><a href="#connection对象" class="headerlink" title="connection对象:"></a>connection对象:</h4><p>使用pymysql.Connect()生成的是一个connection对象，Connection对象也称为数据库连接对象，Connection对象的功能是负责对数据源的连接。</p>
<p>其功能包括：获取游标 <code>cursor()</code> ，<code>commit()</code>提交当前事务，<code>rollback()</code>回滚当前事务，<code>close()</code>关闭连接。</p>
<h3 id="cursor-获取游标"><a href="#cursor-获取游标" class="headerlink" title="cursor():获取游标"></a>cursor():获取游标</h3><p>要想操作数据库，光连接数据是不够的，必须拿到操作数据库的游标，才能进行后续的操作，比如读取数据、添加数据。通过获取到的数据库连接实例conn下的cursor()方法来创建游标。游标用来接收返回结果</p>
<p> cursor返回一个游标实例对象，其中包含了很多操作数据的方法</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>execute(op)</th>
<th>执行一个数据库的查询命令</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>fetchone()</td>
<td>取得结果集的下一行</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>fetchmany(size)</td>
<td>获取结果集的下几行</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>fetchall()</td>
<td>获取结果集中的所有行</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rowcount()</td>
<td>返回数据条数或影响行数</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>close()</td>
<td>关闭游标对象</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2 id="对数据库的各种操作"><a href="#对数据库的各种操作" class="headerlink" title="对数据库的各种操作"></a>对数据库的各种操作</h2><h3 id="创建类操作："><a href="#创建类操作：" class="headerlink" title="创建类操作："></a>创建类操作：</h3><h4 id="创建数据库"><a href="#创建数据库" class="headerlink" title="创建数据库"></a>创建数据库</h4><pre class="line-numbers language-python" data-language="python"><code class="language-python"><span class="token keyword">import</span> pymysql
<span class="token comment">#打开数据库连接，不需要指定数据库，因为需要创建数据库</span>
conn <span class="token operator">=</span> pymysql<span class="token punctuation">.</span>connect<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'localhost'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>user <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"root"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>passwd <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"123456"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">#获取游标</span>
cursor<span class="token operator">=</span>conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>cursor<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">#创建pythonBD数据库</span>
cursor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS pythonDB DEFAULT CHARSET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
cursor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#先关闭游标</span>
conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#再关闭数据库连接</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'创建pythonBD数据库成功'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<h4 id="创建数据库表"><a href="#创建数据库表" class="headerlink" title="创建数据库表"></a>创建数据库表</h4><p>建立数据库连接后，可以使用创建的游标的<code>execute（）</code>方法将数据库表或记录创建到数据库表中。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-python" data-language="python"><code class="language-python"><span class="token keyword">import</span> pymysql
<span class="token comment">#打开数据库连接</span>
conn <span class="token operator">=</span> pymysql<span class="token punctuation">.</span>connect<span class="token punctuation">(</span>host<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"localhost"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>user <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"root"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>passwd <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"28283860"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>db <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"pythondb"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">#获取游标</span>
cursor<span class="token operator">=</span>conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>cursor<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>cursor<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">#创建user表</span>
cursor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'drop table if exists user'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
sql<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token triple-quoted-string string">"""CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `user` (
	  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
	  `name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
	  `age` int(11) NOT NULL,
	  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
	) ENGINE=InnoDB  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=0"""</span>

cursor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute<span class="token punctuation">(</span>sql<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
cursor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#先关闭游标</span>
conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#再关闭数据库连接</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'创建数据表成功'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<h3 id="插入操作"><a href="#插入操作" class="headerlink" title="插入操作:"></a>插入操作:</h3><p>当要将记录创建到数据库表中时，需要执行<code>INSERT</code>操作。</p>
<p>插入单条数据：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-python" data-language="python"><code class="language-python"><span class="token keyword">import</span> pymysql
<span class="token comment">#打开数据库连接，不指定数据库</span>
conn<span class="token operator">=</span>pymysql<span class="token punctuation">.</span>connect<span class="token punctuation">(</span>host<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'localhost'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>user<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'root'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>password<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'28283860'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>select_db<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'pythondb'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

cur<span class="token operator">=</span>conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>cursor<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#获取游标</span>
<span class="token comment">#创建user表</span>
cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'drop table if exists user'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
sql<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token triple-quoted-string string">"""CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `user` (
	  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
	  `name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
	  `age` int(11) NOT NULL,
	  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
	) ENGINE=InnoDB  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=0"""</span>

cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute<span class="token punctuation">(</span>sql<span class="token punctuation">)</span>

insert<span class="token operator">=</span>cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"insert into user values(1,'tom',18)"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'添加语句受影响的行数：'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>insert<span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment">#另一种插入数据的方式，通过字符串传入值</span>
sql<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"insert into user values(%s,%s,%s)"</span>
cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute<span class="token punctuation">(</span>sql<span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'kongsh'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>commit<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'sql执行成功'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<blockquote>
<p>select_db(“数据库名”) 可以用这种方式在数据库连接建立后指定数据库</p>
</blockquote>
<p>插入多条数据：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-python" data-language="python"><code class="language-python"><span class="token keyword">import</span> pymysql
<span class="token comment">#打开数据库连接，同时指定数据库</span>
conn<span class="token operator">=</span>pymysql<span class="token punctuation">.</span>connect<span class="token punctuation">(</span>host<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'localhost'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>user<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'root'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>password<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'28283860'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>database<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'pythondb'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
cur<span class="token operator">=</span>conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>cursor<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#获取游标</span>
<span class="token comment">#另一种插入数据的方式，通过字符串传入值</span>
sql<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"insert into user values(%s,%s,%s)"</span>
insert<span class="token operator">=</span>cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>executemany<span class="token punctuation">(</span>sql<span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'wen'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'tom'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'test'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">30</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'批量插入返回受影响的行数：'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>insert<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>commit<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'sql执行成功'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<p><strong>注意</strong>：批量插入多条sql语句采用的是executemany(sql,args)函数，返回受影响的行数。args参数是一个包含多个元组的列表，每个元组对应一条mysql中的一条数据。这里的%s不需要加引号，否则插入数据的数据会类型错误</p>
<h3 id="查询操作"><a href="#查询操作" class="headerlink" title="查询操作:"></a>查询操作:</h3><blockquote>
<p>使用execute()函数得到的只是受影响的行数，并不能真正拿到查询的内容。cursor对象还提供了3种提取数据的方法：fetchone、fetchmany、fetchall.。每个方法都会导致游标动，所以必须注意游标的位置。<br>cursor.fetchone():获取游标所在处的一行数据，返回元组，没有返回None<br>cursor.fetchmany(size):接受size行返回结果行。如果size大于返回的结果行的数量，则会返回cursor.arraysize条数据。<br>cursor. fetchall():接收全部的返回结果行。</p>
</blockquote>
<pre class="line-numbers language-python" data-language="python"><code class="language-python"><span class="token keyword">import</span> pymysql
<span class="token comment">#打开数据库连接</span>
conn<span class="token operator">=</span>pymysql<span class="token punctuation">.</span>connect<span class="token punctuation">(</span>host<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'localhost'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>user<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'root'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>password<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'28283860'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>database<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'pythondb'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">#获取游标</span>
cur<span class="token operator">=</span>conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>cursor<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"select * from user;"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    res<span class="token operator">=</span>cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>fetchone<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token keyword">if</span> res <span class="token keyword">is</span> <span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
        <span class="token comment">#表示已经取完结果集</span>
        <span class="token keyword">break</span>
    <span class="token keyword">print</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>res<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>commit<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'sql执行成功'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<p><strong>注意</strong>：从execute()函数的查询结果中取数据，以元组的形式返回游标所在处的一条数据，如果游标所在处没有数据，将返回空元组，该数据执行一次，游标向下移动一个位置。fetchone()函数必须跟exceute()函数结合使用，并且在exceute()函数之后使用 </p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-python" data-language="python"><code class="language-python"><span class="token comment">#fetchone()函数实例：</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> pymysql
<span class="token comment">#打开数据库连接</span>
conn<span class="token operator">=</span>pymysql<span class="token punctuation">.</span>connect<span class="token punctuation">(</span>host<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'localhost'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>user<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'root'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>password<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'28283860'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>select_db<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'pythondb'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">#获取游标</span>
cur<span class="token operator">=</span>conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>cursor<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"select * from user"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">#取3条数据</span>
resTuple<span class="token operator">=</span>cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>fetchmany<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">type</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>resTuple<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> res <span class="token keyword">in</span> resTuple<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>res<span class="token punctuation">)</span>

cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>commit<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'sql执行成功'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<p><strong>注意</strong>：从exceute()函数结果中获取游标所在处的size条数据，并以元组的形式返回，元组的每一个元素都也是一个由一行数据组成的元组，如果size大于有效的结果行数，将会返回cursor.arraysize条数据，但如果游标所在处没有数据，将返回空元组。查询几条数据，游标将会向下移动几个位置。fetmany()函数必须跟exceute()函数结合使用，并且在exceute()函数之后使用</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-python" data-language="python"><code class="language-python"><span class="token keyword">import</span> pymysql
<span class="token comment">#打开数据库连接</span>
conn<span class="token operator">=</span>pymysql<span class="token punctuation">.</span>connect<span class="token punctuation">(</span>host<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'localhost'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>user<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'root'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>password<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'28283860'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>select_db<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'pythondb'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">#获取游标</span>
cur<span class="token operator">=</span>conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>cursor<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"select * from user"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">#取所有数据</span>
resTuple<span class="token operator">=</span>cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>fetchall<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">type</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>resTuple<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'共%d条数据'</span><span class="token operator">%</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>resTuple<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>commit<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'sql执行成功'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<p><strong>注意</strong>：获取游标所在处开始及以下所有的数据，并以元组的形式返回，元组的每一个元素都也是一个由一行数据组成的元组，如果游标所在处没有数据，将返回空元组。执行完这个方法后，游标将移动到数据库表的最后</p>
<h3 id="更新操作："><a href="#更新操作：" class="headerlink" title="更新操作："></a>更新操作：</h3><h4 id="单条数据更新操作："><a href="#单条数据更新操作：" class="headerlink" title="单条数据更新操作："></a>单条数据更新操作：</h4><pre class="line-numbers language-python" data-language="python"><code class="language-python"><span class="token comment">#打开数据库连接</span>
conn<span class="token operator">=</span>pymysql<span class="token punctuation">.</span>connect<span class="token punctuation">(</span>host<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'localhost'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>user<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'root'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>password<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'28283860'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>select_db<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'pythondb'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">#获取游标</span>
cur<span class="token operator">=</span>conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>cursor<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">#更新一条数据</span>
update<span class="token operator">=</span>cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"update user set age=100 where name='kongsh'"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'修改后受影响的行数为：'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>update<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">#查询一条数据</span>
cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'select * from user where name="kongsh";'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>fetchone<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>commit<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'sql执行成功'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<h4 id="多条数据更新操作："><a href="#多条数据更新操作：" class="headerlink" title="多条数据更新操作："></a>多条数据更新操作：</h4><pre class="line-numbers language-python" data-language="python"><code class="language-python"><span class="token keyword">import</span> pymysql
conn<span class="token operator">=</span>pymysql<span class="token punctuation">.</span>connect<span class="token punctuation">(</span>host<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'localhost'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>user<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'root'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>password<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'28283860'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#打开数据库连接</span>
conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>select_db<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'pythondb'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#获取游标</span>
cur<span class="token operator">=</span>conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>cursor<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"select * from user where name in ('kongsh','wen');"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#更新前查询所有数据</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'更新前的数据为：'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> res <span class="token keyword">in</span> cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>fetchall<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
      <span class="token keyword">print</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>res<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'*'</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token number">40</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#更新2条数据</span>
sql<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"update user set age=%s where name=%s"</span>
update<span class="token operator">=</span>cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>executemany<span class="token punctuation">(</span>sql<span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'kongsh'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">18</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'wen'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">#更新2条数据后查询所有数据</span>
cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"select * from user where name in ('kongsh','wen');"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'更新后的数据为：'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> res <span class="token keyword">in</span> cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>fetchall<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
      <span class="token keyword">print</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>res<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>commit<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'sql执行成功'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<h3 id="删除数据："><a href="#删除数据：" class="headerlink" title="删除数据："></a>删除数据：</h3><h4 id="删除单条数据："><a href="#删除单条数据：" class="headerlink" title="删除单条数据："></a>删除单条数据：</h4><pre class="line-numbers language-python" data-language="python"><code class="language-python"><span class="token keyword">import</span> pymysql
<span class="token comment">#打开数据库连接</span>
conn<span class="token operator">=</span>pymysql<span class="token punctuation">.</span>connect<span class="token punctuation">(</span>host<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'localhost'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>user<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'root'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>password<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'28283860'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#打开数据库连接</span>
conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>select_db<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'pythondb'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#获取游标</span>
cur<span class="token operator">=</span>conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>cursor<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"select * from user;"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#删除前查询所有数据</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'删除前的数据为：'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> res <span class="token keyword">in</span> cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>fetchall<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
      <span class="token keyword">print</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>res<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'*'</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token number">40</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>      
cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"delete from user where id=1"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#删除1条数据</span>
<span class="token comment">#删除后查询所有数据</span>
cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"select * from user;"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'删除后的数据为：'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> res <span class="token keyword">in</span> cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>fetchall<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
      <span class="token keyword">print</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>res<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>commit<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'sql执行成功'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<h4 id="删除多条数据："><a href="#删除多条数据：" class="headerlink" title="删除多条数据："></a>删除多条数据：</h4><pre class="line-numbers language-python" data-language="python"><code class="language-python"><span class="token keyword">import</span> pymysql
<span class="token comment">#打开数据库连接</span>
conn<span class="token operator">=</span>pymysql<span class="token punctuation">.</span>connect<span class="token punctuation">(</span>host<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'localhost'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>user<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'root'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>password<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'28283860'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>select_db<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'pythondb'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
cur<span class="token operator">=</span>conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>cursor<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#获取游标</span>
cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"select * from user;"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#删除前查询所有数据</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'删除前的数据为：'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> res <span class="token keyword">in</span> cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>fetchall<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
      <span class="token keyword">print</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>res<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'*'</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token number">40</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#删除2条数据</span>
sql<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"delete from user where id=%s"</span>
cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>executemany<span class="token punctuation">(</span>sql<span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"select * from user;"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#删除后查询所有数据</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'删除后的数据为：'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> res <span class="token keyword">in</span> cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>fetchall<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
      <span class="token keyword">print</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>res<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>commit<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'sql执行成功'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<h3 id="事务回滚"><a href="#事务回滚" class="headerlink" title="事务回滚"></a>事务回滚</h3><pre class="line-numbers language-python" data-language="python"><code class="language-python"><span class="token keyword">import</span> pymysql
conn<span class="token operator">=</span>pymysql<span class="token punctuation">.</span>connect<span class="token punctuation">(</span>host<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'localhost'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>user<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'root'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>password<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'28283860'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#打开数据库连接</span>
conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>select_db<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'pythondb'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
cur<span class="token operator">=</span>conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>cursor<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#获取游标</span>
cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"select * from user;"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#修改前查询所有数据</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'修改前的数据为：'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> res <span class="token keyword">in</span> cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>fetchall<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
      <span class="token keyword">print</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>res<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'*'</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token number">40</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"update user set name='xiaoxiaoxiaoxiaoren' where id=5"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#更新表中第1条数据</span>
cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"select * from user;"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#修改后查询所有数据</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'修改后的数据为：'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> res <span class="token keyword">in</span> cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>fetchall<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
      <span class="token keyword">print</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>res<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'*'</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token number">40</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rollback<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#回滚事务</span>
cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>execute<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"select * from user;"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'回滚事务后的数据为：'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> res <span class="token keyword">in</span> cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>fetchall<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
      <span class="token keyword">print</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>res<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
cur<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>commit<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
conn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'sql执行成功'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>


                
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